adv.倔强地,顽强地,顽固地
I couldn't tell if his refusal to talk was simple stubbornness.
我不清楚他拒绝说话是否只是因为他的顽固不化。
His refusal to talk was simple stubbornness.
他拒绝交谈完全是因为固执。
She's a curious mixture of stubbornness and servility.
她既固执又恭顺,令人捉摸不透。